He aha nā ʻāpana o nā mea hana wai?

ʻO nā mea hana wai e pili ana i nā kemika i hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai e wehe i ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino i loko o ka wai (e like me nā mea corrosive, nā ion metala, lepo a me nā microorganisms, etc.) a loaʻa i ka wai kīwila a ʻoihana paha i kūpono i nā koi. He ʻano koʻikoʻi nā mea mālama wai i nā huahana kemika maikaʻi a he kikoʻī ikaika. Pono nā mea hana wai like ʻole no nā kumu like ʻole a me nā mea lapaʻau.

Hoʻolauna:

He huaʻōlelo maʻamau ka ʻoihana mālama wai no nā mea kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e like me ka petroleum, ʻoihana kemika, metallurgy, halihali, ʻoihana māmā, a me nā textiles. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e pili ana i nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion, nā mea paʻakikī, nā bactericides, flocculants, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hana kiʻi mua, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. No laila, pono e hoʻolohe i ka antagonism ma waena o nā ʻāpana ma muli o ka hoʻohuihui kūpono ʻole, e hōʻemi a nalowale paha ka hopena, a e hoʻohana piha i ka hopena synergistic (ka hopena synergistic i hana ʻia i ka wā e noho pū ai kekahi mau mea hana) e hoʻonui i ka hopena. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai he ʻōnaehana hāmama me ka nui o nā hoʻokuʻu. I ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o nā ʻano mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā mea lapaʻau wai maʻamau: flocculants, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, polyferric salts, calcium hydroxide, ferric chloride hexahydrate, bactericides and algaecides, chlorine dioxide, scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors, polyacrylamide (cationic, anionic, non-ionic), polyaluminum chloride. ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, etc.

 

Nā mea hoʻopaneʻe ʻino
He papa kemika hiki ke pale a hoʻolohi paha i ka ʻino ʻana o nā mea metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana e ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana i ka wai i nā ʻano kūpono a me nā ʻano. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hopena maikaʻi, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana. Nui nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka corrosion inhibitors. E like me ke ʻano o kā lākou pūhui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion inorganic a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion organik. Ma muli o ka hopena a lākou e kāohi ai he hopena anodic, he hopena cathodic, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻelua, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻopiʻi anodic corrosion, cathodic corrosion inhibitors, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion hui. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion i ke ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation, ke ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni precipitation, a me ke ʻano kiʻi adsorption e like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale ma ka ʻili metala. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka passivation film type corrosion inhibitors i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ʻo ia nā chromates, nitrites, molybdates, etc.; hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mea hoʻopaneʻe ʻino o ka ua, nā polyphosphates, zinc salts, etc.; hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion kiʻiʻoniʻoni adsorption me nā amine organik, etc.
Hoʻopuehu
ʻO ka waika polyacrylic (sodium) ka mea hoʻopuehu unahi mua loa, ʻo ia ka hana hoʻopaʻa pālākiʻi maikaʻi e kūʻē i ka pākela calcium carbonate, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa kona hopena i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka calcium phosphate.

 

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